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Whether you're thinning coatings, cleaning tools, or prepping surfaces, the right product improves your finish, extends tool life, and reduces waste. Just be sure to check the label and follow all safety instructions before you begin.
Thinning is all about adjusting the viscosity or thickness of the coating. The right thinner allows paints and finishes to flow more smoothly, level out evenly, penetrate better, and dry slower. Oftentimes it is required to thin coatings if you are using a sprayer.
Water-Based Paints, Stains, & Finishes (Waterborne, Latex, & Acrylic) – The simplest thinner to use for water-based paints is… WATER! If you’re looking to extend working time and improve without weakening the film, look for an extender.
Oil-Based Paints, Varnishes & Enamels (Alykd):
- Paint Thinner – The go-to for general thinning; improves brushing qualities. Look for a paint thinner substitute if you live in a region that restricts the sale of higher VOC products.
- Mineral Spirits – Gentler than standard thinners, with less odor; improves flow and works as a substitute for turpentine. Look for a mineral spirits substitute if you live in a region that restricts the sale of higher VOC products.
- VM&P Naphtha – Faster drying than mineral spirits; helps avoid runs and sags for a smoother finish.
Oil-Based Stains & Wood Finishes - Mineral spirits helps stains penetrate evenly into wood grain.
Lacquers – Lacquer thinners are specially designed for thinning lacquers. General purpose versions are recommended for homeowners, while premium versions are best suited for professionals, contractors, and industrial uses.
Shellacs – Denatured alcohol can help thin shellac for those looking for a high-gloss finish. You can also use a pure (≥ 95%) grain or isopropyl alcohol if you live in a region that restricts the sale of higher VOC products.
Specialty & Industrial Coatings:
- Acetone – Fast evaporating; excellent for resins, adhesives, and fiberglass work where speed is needed.
- MEK (Methyl Ethyl Ketone) – Slower than acetone, giving more working time; ideal for resins, epoxies, and lacquers.
- Xylene – Very slow drying; provides longer open time and reduces streaking in specialty coatings.
- Toluene – Fast drying; enamels, varnishes, and alkyd resins. Commonly specified as a thinner for specialty paints and coatings. General purpose cleaner and degreaser.
- Japan Drier – Additive that speeds drying of oil-based coatings; helpful in cool or damp conditions.
- Pro Thinner – High-solvency substitute for harsher solvents like MEK or toluene, that is available to purchase in all US regions.
Whether you're prepping a surface for fresh paint, cleaning up a spill, or restoring your favorite brush, using the right products can make all the difference. Most of the thinners listed above — excluding extenders — can also serve double duty for surface preparation and cleanup. However, there are additional specialty products worth mentioning that are specifically designed to tackle these tasks.
- Soap and Water – The go-to for cleaner for latex and acrylic paints before they dry.
- Isopropyl Alcohol (Industrial Grade) – Great for removing flux, oils, and residues during surface prep in professional settings.
- Liquid Sander Deglosser – Wipe-on alternative to sanding; softens glossy surfaces so new coatings bond securely.
- Muriatic Acid – Etches masonry and controls pool pH (professional use only).
- Kerosene – Cleans tar, grease, and oil in addition to serving as a fuel.
- Denatured Alcohol – When diluted, works as a streak-free glass cleaner.
- Brush Cleaners – These are safer, specialized solutions designed to dissolve dried latex or oil-based coatings from brushes and rollers — especially when water or mineral spirits alone doesn’t cut it. Many formulations also include conditioning agents that help extend the life of your applicators. Be sure to choose a cleaner that matches the type of material you're using (natural or synthetic), and the type of coating you're working with. Some products are formulated specifically for water-based paints, others for oil-based finishes, and some are versatile enough to handle both.
Disclaimer: The information provided in this article is for general guidance only. Tools4Painting is not responsible for any product failure, improper application, or damages resulting from the use of the advice or recommendations provided. Always read and follow the manufacturer’s instructions, product labels, and safety guidelines before application. Environmental factors, wood conditions, and application methods may affect the results. For specific concerns about your project, consult with the product manufacturer. Tools4Painting makes no warranties, expressed or implied, regarding the performance or suitability of any product mentioned. Use at your own discretion.
